What is Realism in Film? - Realism Explained

What does "realism" mean in movies? We often hear that a film is "realistic," but what makes it so, especially when what feels real can be different for everyone? In this blog, we'll dig into what realism really means in movies. We'll look at how it shows up in films and more. But before we get into those examples, let's start at the beginning and see where the idea of realism in film first came from.

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_{What is Realism in Film?}

Realism in film is an artistic movement aimed at creating a convincing illusion of reality. It is about presenting stories, characters, and settings in a way that feels authentic and true to life. This approach eschews the dramatic exaggeration and stylization typical of other film genres. Instead, it focuses on everyday life's mundane aspects, often highlighting the ordinary and the overlooked. The goal is to make the viewer feel like a fly on the wall, observing real life unfold.

_{Aesthetic Realism in Film: Definition and Overview}

Aesthetic realism in film goes beyond just representing reality; it's about how filmmakers use visual and narrative techniques to create an experience that resonates with the truth of human existence. This involves careful consideration of cinematography, including naturalistic lighting and unobtrusive camera work, as well as realistic acting and dialogue. The aesthetic is often minimalist, stripping away any elements that might distract from the immersive experience of real life.

The roots of aesthetic realism in film can be traced back to the early 20th century, with movements like Italian Neorealism and the French New Wave challenging the norms of classical Hollywood cinema. These movements emphasised on-location shooting, non-professional actors, and stories that focused on the struggles of everyday people. They sought not only to entertain but also to provoke thought and reflect social realities.

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_{Realism in Film Movements: A Historical Overview}

The journey of realism in film is as old as cinema itself. In its earliest days, filmmakers were fascinated with capturing reality — a train arriving at a station, workers leaving a factory — mundane events filmed in real-time. However, as cinema evolved, so did its approach to realism. The 1920s saw the emergence of Soviet Montage Theory, which, while not realistic in its portrayal, aimed to evoke real emotions through editing. This set the stage for realism to take a more narrative and emotionally driven form.

Italian Neorealism, emerging post-World War II, painted a stark picture of the Italian society ravaged by war. Directors like Vittorio De Sica in 'Bicycle Thieves' used non-professional actors and real locations to bring a raw authenticity to the screen. Similarly, the French New Wave, led by filmmakers like François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, broke away from traditional storytelling, employing handheld cameras and improvised dialogues to capture the spontaneity of real life. These movements didn't just portray reality; they also reflected the socio-political climates of their times, making a profound statement on the human condition.

For a comprehensive overview of Italian Neorealism, see the detailed information provided here

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_{The Rebirth of Cinematic Realism: From Past to Present}

As we moved into the latter half of the 20th century, cinematic realism found new expressions. The French New Wave, for instance, blended realistic narratives with stylistic experimentation. Directors like François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard broke traditional filmmaking rules but maintained a commitment to presenting a more genuine human experience.

_{Neorealism in Film: Italian Influence and Beyond}

Italian Neorealism had a profound influence worldwide, inspiring movements in various countries, including the British Kitchen Sink realism of the 1950s and 60s, which portrayed the lives of the working class. In India, Satyajit Ray's "Pather Panchali" was a landmark film that brought the ethos of Italian Neorealism to Bengali cinema. These films were marked by their stark portrayal of poverty, oppression, and the human spirit's resilience.

The legacy of these movements is evident in contemporary cinema, where realism continues to evolve, adapting to the changing landscapes of society and technology. Today's filmmakers still draw on the principles of realism, whether in portraying the gritty reality of urban life or the subtleties of human relationships. The influence of historical realism movements is a testament to their enduring power and relevance in the cinematic arts.

_{Defining Realism in Cinema}

_{Realism is a Reflection}

Realism in film is often seen as a reflection of the real world. It's not just about replicating reality but interpreting and presenting it in a way that resonates with the audience. This interpretation varies from director to director, each bringing their unique perspective to what constitutes realism. The key lies in the authenticity of the portrayal — be it in the narrative, character development, or the setting.

In films that excel in realism, viewers often find the characters relatable and the situations believable. The dialogues aren't forced or overly dramatic; they mirror the way people actually speak. The settings are chosen for their real-world resemblance rather than their aesthetic appeal. This kind of realism in cinema is powerful because it reflects the complexities and nuances of real life, allowing viewers to see a part of themselves on the screen.

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_{Contemporary Perspectives and Examples}

The concept of realism in film has continually adapted to the changing times, incorporating contemporary themes and issues. Today's realistic films often tackle subjects like social inequality, political unrest, and personal struggles with authenticity and sensitivity. They provide a platform for stories that might otherwise go unheard, giving voice to the marginalised and overlooked.

Contemporary filmmakers like Richard Linklater and Ken Loach are known for their realistic approach to storytelling. Linklater's "Before" series is a prime example, capturing the essence of human relationships in a strikingly realistic manner. Similarly, Ken Loach's films often address social issues with a raw and unfiltered lens, bringing a high level of authenticity and emotional impact.

Filmmakers like Ken Loach in 'I, Daniel Blake' and the Dardenne brothers with 'Two Days, One Night' carry the torch of realism into the 21st century. These films, through their portrayal of current social issues and use of naturalistic techniques, resonate deeply with modern audiences, reflecting the complexities of today’s world.

_{The Technical Aspects of Realism in Film}

Achieving realism in film is not just about the story; it's equally about how it's told. This involves meticulous attention to cinematography – using natural lighting, handheld cameras for a sense of immediacy, and longer takes to maintain the scene's authenticity. The editing is often minimalistic, avoiding overt manipulations to preserve the natural flow of events. Moreover, sound design in realistic films usually incorporates ambient sounds, enhancing the immersive experience of the viewer.

In exploring these techniques, we understand that realism in film is a meticulous balance of narrative and technical craft. This combination is what immerses the audience into what feels like a slice of actual life, rather than a constructed narrative

_{Realist Filmmakers and Their Works}

_{Realist Filmmakers: A Focus on Satyajit Ray and The Apu Trilogy}

One of the most celebrated realist filmmakers is Satyajit Ray, whose work, especially The Apu Trilogy, is a masterclass in cinematic realism. Ray’s films are known for their profound humanism, intricate character development, and authentic portrayal of Indian life. The Apu Trilogy, comprising "Pather Panchali," "Aparajito," and "Apur Sansar," follows the life of a young boy, Apu, from his childhood in rural Bengal to adulthood. Ray's use of natural settings, non-professional actors, and a narrative that closely mimics the ebbs and flows of real life, set a new standard for realism in cinema.

_{Contemporary Realism: Richard Linklater and His Unique Approach}

Richard Linklater is another filmmaker who has significantly contributed to contemporary realism. His film "Boyhood," shot over 12 years with the same cast, is a groundbreaking work that captures the essence of growing up in real time. Linklater’s approach to storytelling, characterised by long takes, minimal action, and emphasis on dialogue, invites the audience into the intimate spaces of his characters' lives, making his films feel more like slices of reality than traditional narratives.

_{Subtypes of Realism in Film and Media}

Realism in film is not monolithic; it encompasses various subtypes, each with unique characteristics. For example, social realism focuses on societal issues and often features working-class protagonists. Psychological realism delves into the internal states of characters, exploring mental and emotional landscapes. Naturalistic films aim to create an illusion of reality through detailed, unembellished portrayals of everyday life.

Each subtype offers a different lens through which to view the world, and filmmakers often blend these styles to create rich, multifaceted narratives. The diversity within realism underscores its versatility as a storytelling tool, capable of capturing the complex tapestry of human experience.

_{Classical Realism}

Classical realism, primarily seen in traditional painting, emphasises capturing physical and emotional reality with intricate detail. This form of realism has significantly influenced cinematic techniques. 

For example, in movies, classical realism inspires the use of authentic sets, costumes, and naturalistic acting, aiming for a visual experience that mirrors real life. An example of classical realism in film could be seen in historical dramas that pay close attention to accurate depictions of a particular era.

_{Literary Realism}

Literary realism focuses on everyday life and ordinary characters. It profoundly affects screenwriting and storytelling in cinema. Classic novels like Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" showcase this style, where the narrative centres around relatable experiences and believable characters. This influence is evident in films that depict the nuances of day-to-day life, such as in the "Before Trilogy" by Richard Linklater, where the conversation and interaction between characters drive the plot.

_{Hyper-Realism}

Hyper-realism in film takes realism to an extreme by often combining elements of reality and fantasy. This style can make ordinary scenes appear extraordinary, creating a unique, immersive experience. 

A notable example is "Birdman," directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, where the blend of realistic drama with surreal elements creates a distinctive narrative style that pushes the boundaries of traditional filmmaking.

_{Psychological Realism in Cinema}

Psychological realism in film delves deep into the characters' minds, portraying their emotional and mental states with depth and nuance. A prime example is Martin Scorsese's "Shutter Island," where the psychological landscape is as integral to the story as the physical setting. This type of realism invites viewers into the complex world of the characters' thoughts and feelings, often leading to a more intimate and immersive cinematic experience.

_{The Interplay of Realism in Various Art Forms}

The interaction of realism across different mediums enriches cinematic storytelling. Each art form, be it literature, painting, or theatre, brings a unique perspective that enhances how filmmakers represent and interpret reality. This fusion of ideas and techniques from various disciplines fosters a holistic and multifaceted approach to realism in film, broadening the scope and depth of how stories are told and experienced on screen.

_{Closing Thoughts}

In essence, realism in film is more than a mere cinematic technique; it's a lens through which the tapestry of human experience is vividly captured and conveyed. From the early days of Italian Neorealism to the modern stories that unfold on our screens today, realism continues to challenge, engage, and reflect the ever-evolving human saga. As we journey through different eras and cultures in cinema, realism remains a powerful tool, not just for storytelling, but for connecting us deeply with the varied facets of life itself.

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